《高三》是周浩执导的纪录电影，于2005年11月在中国上映。该片记录了一群十八、九岁的孩子和他们的班主任如何走过“高三”这平凡而又不平凡的一年。以下是小编整理的语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文精选8篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。
【篇一】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
从句讲解
定语从句
一。I 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
（which / that在句中作宾语）
II. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。
There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
III.判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
判断改错：
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year.
（对） I"ll never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。
IV. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
V. 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
二。定语从句应注意问题
I。that, which区别
关系代词that的几种情况。
1． 先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。先行词被all， each， few， much， every， no， some， any等不定代词修饰时。如： There is little that I can use． 几乎没有什么我能用的了。
All the books that you need are here． 你所需要的书都在这儿。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the first composition that he has written in English．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。
4．先行词既有人又有物时。如：
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited． 他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
5．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：
Who is the man that is speaking over there？ 在那里说话的人是谁？
6．先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。如：
This is the very gun that I am looking for． 这正是我在找的枪。
7． 关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：
He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago．他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
关系代词which
（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时(不能放句首)
He can speak English fluently，which impressed me most.他的英语讲得很流利，给我留下了深刻印象。
（2） 介词后
This is the house in which I have lived for 2 years.这就是我居住了两年的房子。
（3）在非限制性定语从句中，即可指一个词，也可指整个句子。
She married again, which was unexpected.
I lost my watch, which is not found yet.
II。which, as 区别
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.
（2）the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
III。介词+关系代词
介词+whom（人）主，谓结构
介词+which（物）主，谓结构
（介词）+whose+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+形容词形物主代词+名词+主谓结构
（介词）+which+名词+主，谓结构=and+介词+this或that +名词+主谓结构
He is the person to whom you can turn for help.
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
He is the man from whose house (=and from his house) the picture were stolen.
We traveled together to Paris, at which place(=and at this place) we parted company.
IV.分隔式定语从句
有些定语从句和现行词之间插入一个词组，短语或别的成分，叫做分隔式定语从句
He arrived Hangzhou in 1984, where he became manager 2 years later.
名词性从句
主语从句：应注意问题
1. 主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
2. 连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。
What he wants is a book. That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）
3. it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。
It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.
需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，无逗号）
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.
（定语从句，无that，有逗号）
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…如：
It”s a pity that you missed the film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important / possible…）that…
需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer.
It is important that a student learn English well.
It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered…）that…如：
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
It seems （happened / appears / doesn”t matter / makes no difference / …）that …
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
4。主语从句连接词that不能省略 That he didn’t like her was obvious.
表语从句
定义：
A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。
The problem is puzzling.
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.=He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
She has remained there for an hour.=She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
His suggestion is good.=His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
The question is confusing.=The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
why he cried yesterday.
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
二 注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
宾语从句 应注意问题
1. 引导词that的取舍
that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that一般不省略。
1）当由两个或两个以上的that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的that不宜省略。如：
He said（that）he couldn"t tell you right away and that you wouldn"t understand．
2）当动词think， make，feel，consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句时。
We think it necessary that we should practise spoken English every day．
3）当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接that时。如：
He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come．
2．引导词whether和if的选用
二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用whether而不能用if。
1）在引导词后紧接or not时。如：
We didn"t know whether or not she was ready．比较We didn"t know whether／if she was ready or not．）
2）当用if易引起歧义时。如：
Please let me know whether you like it．（若该句用if，也可理解为：如果你喜欢它，请告诉我。）
3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择
一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。
When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth is round．
He told me he goes to the park every day．
4．从句中使用虚拟语气的场合
1）在表示建议（suggest），要求（demand，insist）和命令（order）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“（should）＋动词原形”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：
I suggest that we（should）have a rest now．
2）表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如：
I wish I could fly．（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的愿望）
I wish I had known it before．（用过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望）
I wish you would stay a little longer．（用would或would ＋动词原形来表示将来的愿望）
5. 含宾语从句的疑难句型
1）I／We don"t think ＋宾语从句
这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词not移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为……不……”。如：
We don"t think there is anything of interest in your pictures． 2）疑问词（what，how，who等）＋do you think ＋其它句子成分
这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词＋其它句子成分）合并而成。如：
When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？
注：常用于上面两结构的主句动词除think外，还有believe，suppose，imagine等。
同位语从句
英语中有一些名词如fact, idea, news, word, hope, promise, suggestion, reply, problem, belief, doubt, truth, order, thought等，它们本身有一定的意义，但表达得不够具体。为了使其表达的意义更加具体明确，其后常跟有一个从句，用来补充说明该名词的内容，这个从句就叫做同位语从句。
The news that our team had won the match spread the whole country.
有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。
Word came that he died yesterday.
一、同位语从句的引导词。
1. 表示陈述意义时通常用that。注意that不能省略。例如：
The fact that he didn”t pass the college entrance examination disappointed his parents.
The king made a promise that he would make anyone rich if one could cure his illness.
2. 当名词doubt用在否定句中时，其后的同位语从句应用that引导；而用在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。
I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself.
Some people have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box.
3. 表示“是否”的意思时只能用whether，不能用if。这一点与主语从句相似。例如：
The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown.
4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如：
This student asked a good question why pollution can”t be stopped.
二、同位语从句与其他从句的比较。
1. 同谓语从句与主语从句和宾语从句的比较。
两者作用不同，主语从句和宾语从句都是从句在主句当中充当主语和宾语；而同位语从句是一个跟在某一名词后并具体说明该名词内容的从句。例如：
（1）That the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
（2）Everybody is excited to hear that the pop singer will come to this city.
（3）The news that the pop singer will come to this city excited everybody.
以上三个句子中（1）（2）两句分别在主句中充当主语和宾语。（1）句划线部分为主语从句，（2）句为宾语从句，而（3）句中划线部分则是具体说明名词news内容，故为同位语从句。另外还须注意的是，that引导主语从句、同位语从句时不能省，而引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。
2. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较。
（1）词类不同
同位语从句的名词只能是前面提到的几个有限的、有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
（2）性质不同
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对其前名词的解释，该名词与同位语从句的关系可以用“主系表”来表达。例如：
We have all heard the news that our team has won.
名词与其后的同位语从句可以表达为：
The news is that our team has won.
（3）引导词不完全相同。
有些引导词如：how, whether可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。what不可以引导定语从句，但却可以引导同位语从句。例如：
I have no idea what has happened to him.
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语，（指物时还可用which代替），如果在从句中作宾语常可以省略。that在同位语从句中虽不充当任何句子成份，但不能省略，也不能用which来代替。例如：
The order that we should throw away our luggage was received yesterday.
The order （that）we received yesterday was that we should throw away our luggage.
通过比较可知：第句中的划线部分是对名词order的具体解释，that只起到连接作用，但不能省；第句中的划线部分是名词order的修饰语，that代指the order，在从句中充当宾语，因而在句中可以省略。
状语从句
Adverbial Clauses
状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。
1、时间状语从句
2、地点状语从句
3、原因状语从句
4、目的状语从句
5、结果状语从句
6、条件状语从句
7、方式状语从句
8、 让步状语从句
9、 比较状语从句
1、时间状语从句
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
时 when
whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
间
状 when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
语
while While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。 while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
从
as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
句 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。 before译为在…之前
after He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
till We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
时 until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
间
状
since
as soon as
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
语
从
句 hardly…when
no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
every time, by the time, the moment
等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
地
点
状
语
从
句 where
wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
原
因
状 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后
语
从
句 since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
原
因 as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
状
语
从
句 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
目
的
状
语
从
句 that
so that
in order that
lest = for fear that I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号
结
果
状 so that
so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
语
从
句 such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
条
件
状
语
从
句 if
unless
as/so long as
in case
so far as Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
方
式
状
语
从
句 as
as if…
as though Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告诉你做的去做。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为，按照或正如
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。
让
步
状
语 though
although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。
从
句 even if
even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
种类 从属连词 例 句 说 明
让
步
as Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。
状
语
从
no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。
句 wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh-ever连用
比
较
状
语 as…as
not so/as
…as
the same
…as
such…as Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
从
句 than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
她今年比去年进步更大。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。
种类 从属连句 例 句 说 明
比
较
状
语
从
句 the more
…the more The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。 the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。
句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。
特
殊
形
式
的
状
语
从
句 that We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.
很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。
责任编辑：李芳芳
【篇二】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．Do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．You are right. For example：
I"m working.我正在工作。
I worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
I will work.我将要工作。
How many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．Now let"s have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
I think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． Do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．What"s the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．Very good ! Do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
Here"s a saying:
（I）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
Can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．Do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［K］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［L］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［L］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：A．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。B．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．I think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. But I have one more point to tell you.
That is：Sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, Can you show me an example？
10．So much for the present indefinite tense. Let"s come to the present continuous tense. Do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．You are right. Then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 Would you please give me two sentences？
13．Very good. Now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？This kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. Would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
Can you make some sentences？
15．The past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. It"s usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．Now let"s come to the present perfect tense. In this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
A．He has come for 3 hours.
B．The girl has waited since two years.
C．The old man has died for ten years.
D．I have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。Now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
A．join the army
B．join the Party
C．come back
D．borrow a book
E．buy a book
F． leave
G．go out
H．die
I．open
J．begin
K． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
A．I have been a League member for 5 years.
B．It"s five years since I joined the League.
I joined the League 5 years ago.
I have been a League member since 5 years ago.
Now I give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
A．He has been here for 2 hours.
B．They"ve been away since 1960.
C．The film has been on for one hour.
22．Now let"s do some other exercises. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
A．I ____ （lose）my pen.
She ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
B．I ____ （be）to the Agricultural Exhibition.
I ____ （go） to the Agricultural Exhibition last week.
C．The car ____ （stop）.
The car ____ （stop） just now.
D．A： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
B：Yes, I ____ .
A：When ____ you ____ it ?
B：I ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．Now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
A．我去海南四次了。
B．他已经去南方了。
C．你去过东京吗？
D．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
E．你去哪儿了？
F．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．Very good !Here"s a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．He was a student in the past.
e．g． He has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
A．They had completed the program by the end of the last year.
B．The train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．You are right. The present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．My daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
What were you doing while I was watching TV ?
Students
1．I think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. It changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．We have learned eight tenses. They are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
A．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
B．以［K］［CM］, ［DN］,［M］,［L］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
C．如词尾以辅音字母+y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
D．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［E］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［K］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［Q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［L］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［L］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． A．If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
B．When they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
C．The train starts at ten o"clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．Yes, I can. Here"s a sentence.
The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. Here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. This tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．The form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
For example：am, is, are. I think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
For example：
He is reading a book now.
We are learning BookⅡthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
A．He is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
B．They are leaving Shanghai for Beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．OK ! The future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．Yes, I can.
A．We are going to help the farmers on the Red Star Farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
B．The boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
C．We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
A．We have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
B．He has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
C．They have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
D．The professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子A、B表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子C、D。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．A句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
B句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
C句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
D．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．Let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the Party----be a Party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It"s two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It"s 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It"s one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since one hour ago.
21．A．He has been here since two hours ago.
It"s two hours since he came.
He came here two hours ago.
B．They went away in 1960.
They have been away for 40 years.
It"s 40 years since they went away.
C．The film began an hour ago.
It"s one hour since the film began.
The film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
A．have lost； lost
B．have been； went
C．has stopped； stopped
D．Have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
A．I have been to Hainan four times.
B．He has gone to the South.
C．Have you ever been to Tokyo ?
D．Xiao Li has been to his office. You can find him there.
E．Where have you been ?
F． Where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图A表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图B表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
I said that I would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
I said that I had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----Can I join your club, Dad？ [ ]
----You can when you ____ a bit older.（"94）
A．get B．will get
C．are getting D．will have got
2．----I"m sorry to keep you waiting.（"94） [ ]
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only a few minutes.
A．have been B．had been
C．was D．will be
3．I don"t really work here；I ____ until the new secretary arrives.（"94） [ ]
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
4．I need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
A．has completed
B．completes
C．has been completed
D．is completed
5．I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____ at a radio shop at the time.（"97） [ ]
A．has worked
B．was working
C．had been working
D．had worked
6．----Is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----No, mine ____ there behind the door.（"97）
A．is hanging B．has hung
C．hangs D．hung
7．----Nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----But she ____ ！（"98）
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
8．Shirley ____ a book about China last year but I don"t know whether she has finished it.（"98） [ ]
A．has written B．wrote
C．had written D．was writing
9．----Hi, Tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.（"98）
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have painted
10． The price ____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.（"99） [ ]
A．went down
B．will go down
C．has gone down
D．was going down
11．----Bob has gone to California. I hear. [ ]
----Oh. I wonder when he ____ .（"96海淀）
A．has left B．leaves
C．left D．was leaving
12．----Have you got your test result ? [ ]
----Not yet. The papers ____ .（"96海淀）
A．are not correcting
B．have not corrected
C．are still being corrected
D．have already been corrected
13．----Why weren"t you at the meeting ? [ ]
----I ____ for a long----distance call from my father in Australia.（"99西城）
A．waited B．was waiting
C．had waited D．have been waited
14．The telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（"99西城） [ ]
A．has rung; was
B．has been ringing; is
C．had rung; was
D．rang; has been
15． Two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（"99西城） [ ]
A．was B．has been
C．were D．have been
16．----What time ____ Tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----At 3：00 p．m．（"99西城）
A．do you meet
B．will you meet
C．would you meet
D．are you meeting
17． That was not a good place to go skating. You ____ your leg. [ ]
A．can break
B．could break
C．could have broken
D．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A．I"ve been told
B．I"ve told
C．I"m told
D．I told
19．----Your phone number again？ I ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----It"s 9568442．
A．didn"t B．couldn"t
C．don"t D．can"t
20． As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. [ ]
A．read; was falling
B．was reading; fell
C．was reading; was falling
D．read; fell
21．I don"t think Jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
A．just stared
B．was just staring
C．has just stared
D．had just stared
22．----Who is Jerry Cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? I saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A．Don"t you meet him yet
B．Hadn"t you met him yet
C．Didn"t you meet him yet
D．Haven"t you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． I"m afraid I can"t get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． They left for Beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．When we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that Uncle"s plane ____ . （land）
4．I ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．We ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．He said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．John works very hard. In fact, I think he ____ right now.（study）
8．The little boy didn"t see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．I have to make a quick phone call. Can you wait a few moments ? It ____ long.（not take）
10．They ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 AACDB 6～10 ABDCC 11～15 CCBAC
16～20 BBAAB 21～22 BD
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven"t heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven"t reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won"t take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
【篇三】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
语法讲解教案 宾语补足语
江苏省黄桥中学高一英语备课组
1. Firs let’s translate some phrases:
1)推选他做班长(队长,主席,总统,国王)make(elect ,choose )him monitor(captain,chairman, president, King)
2）把每天锻炼作为一个规定 make it a rule to exercise every day
3）称这个地方为金三角call the place the GoldenTriangle
4）称它为古英语/不明飞行物call it Old English/ a UFO
5）觉得做某事是快乐的事feel / find / think it a pleasure/ fun to do sth
6）认为帮助别人是我的职责think it my duty to help others
7）认为撒谎是一种耻辱think it a shame to tell lies
8）把门漆成更鲜艳的颜色paint the door a brighter color
Summary: 名词作宾语补足语， 即： 主+谓+宾+宾补（名词），宾语和宾语补足语之间有一种逻辑上的主系表结构关系。能接这种宾语补足语的动词常见的有：
call / name / consider / believe / think / find / feel / imagine/ elect / make / choose etc.
Attention:
1) 当名词表示某人的职务、头衔时，作宾语补足语的名词前面通常不用冠词，如：
appoint him minister to a foreign country
2) 作宾语补足语的名词通常与宾语在数上保持一致。如：
make Joe his assistant / make Joe and Sue his assistants
3) 可用it作形式宾语
find / feel / think it +n find it my duty / fun / a pleasure to do sth.
2. Second , introduce other patterns.
S+ V+ O+ Object complement.(adj/ adv.)，其中的形容词可分为两类。一类形容词表示宾语所处的状态，如find sb open/ find sth rough; 还有一类形容词表示宾语的特征或心理状态，如：find sb disappointing, find sb interested in sth, find sb deeply moved
1） 证明他是错的 prove him (to be ) wrong 使我们保持暖和 keep us warm
2） 把衣服弄脏 get the clothes dirty 让门开着 keep / leave the door open
3） 认为最好你和我们在一起think it best for you to stay with us
4） 使某人不安 make sb uneasy 发现盒子是空的find the box empty
5） 觉得有必要说出真相feel / find it necessary to tell the truth
6） 使人发疯 drive sb mad/ crazy 祝愿人人无灾无难wish nobody ill
7） 发现她不在家find her out / not in 把某人留下leave sb behind
8） 发现新工作乏味find the new job boring 觉得这本书值得一读think the book worth reading
9） 把门漆成黄色paint the door yellow 发现他是一个令人失望的人find him disappointing
10） 觉得他对我的工作满意find him pleased with my work
Attention :
1).常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：
find/ feel / think / make / get / keep / consider / drive / prove / wish / paint etc.
有时副词也可作宾语补足语。如：
find him away from home / find him out / find him in / find him abroad
2).可用it 形式宾语
feel it necessary to make everything clear
3.非谓语动词作宾补 S + V + O + Object complement ( to do / doing / done )
A.不定式作宾补
常接带to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
ask/ advise / allow / permit/ forbid/ force / expect / want / wish / cause / warn / tell / order / would like / remind /like sb (not )to do
1) 请他们来帮你ask them to help you 想要我早点儿到want me to come early
2) 盼望我们赢 expect us to win 吩咐仆人们打开窗子order his servants to open the windows
3) 喜欢他的太太穿着漂亮like his wife to dress well 告诉他不要迟到tell him not to come late
注意不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：
hear/ listen to / let / make / have / see / notice / watch / look at / catch sight of / observe ect.
让他写文章 have him write the article 注意到他进来并上了楼梯notice him come in and go upstairs
听见他播放CD hear him put on his CD 觉得房子晃动过 feel the house shake
Attention :
1) 动词原形作宾补，改为被动时，要加to，let 和have不用被动。be made to do / be listened to to do
2）注意一些固定句式中的不定式作主语补足语的时态形式。
He is said to study abroad soon.
He is said to have studied abroad, but I can’t remember which country he studied in .
He is said to be studying abroad, but I don’t know which country he is studying in .
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer .
A .to have invented B .inventing C .to invent D .having invented
B．现在分词作宾补（强调动作正在进行或现在的状态）
1）看见飞船在窗外飞 see a spaceship flying out of the window
2）让我等了很久keep me waiting for long 3）发现他在桌旁工作find him working at the desk
4）闻到某物烧焦了smell sth burning 5）留下我在外面等着leave me waiting outside
6）看见银行在被抢see a bank being robbed
7. 看见雨披挂在门后面see the raincoat hanging behind the door
Summary :
1) 这类动词常见的有：keep / find / leave / hear / see / smell / watch / get / send etc.
2) 有些感官动词(see, hear, feel , watch )用动原作宾补表动作的全过程，用现分表示动作正在进行。
注意：有些动词的宾补形式不同，意义不同。如：
get sb to do sth. 让某人去做 get sb laughing/ talking / get the clock going 让某人------起来
(sb)send sb to do sth 派某人去做 (sth ) send sb doing 使某人------
The question sent me thinking deeply. The telephone sent him hurrying home.
C.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补表示宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着被动关系，能接过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：get/ have / make / hear / see / watch / notice etc.其中感官动词表示宾语被动接受某动作，如：get her three sons killed ,notice him knocked down by a car---而使役动词表示使或让某人做某事。如：get the car repaired / have the luggage weighed ---.注意不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意思。如：She found her wallet gone.
1.) He saw many trees cut (cut )down . They got their village surrounded (surround)with trees.
2.) He left the door unlocked (unlock)when he was away.
3.) They foreigner had to make himself understood (understand) by gestures.
4.) He often kept the door closed (close) when she left the room.
5.) Nobody noticed her wallet cut (cut) open. Don’t let the source of water polluted (polluted).
6.) Just now they saw the old houses pulled (pull) down.
1. 请人理发have one’s hair cut 2. 听人说意大利语 hear Italian spoken
3. 让眼睛闭着keep one’s eyes shut 4. 留下作品未完成 leave one’s works unfinished
5. 让我们得到水的供应 keep us supplied with water 6. 看到计划被执行see the plan carried out
7. 发现他坐在后面/ 他失踪了find him seated at the back / find him lost / missing
8. 使自己被明白 make oneself understood 让这个案件得到调查have the case looked into
9. 尽快把信寄出去have the letter posted as soon as possible
4.介词作宾补，如：
find sb in the hospital/ put one’s books in good order
find the trees in place / place her in a difficult situation / allow her into the room
bring sth under control
5.有时as引导的短语也作宾补
regard him as our best friend / recognize him as the best leader
6.注意介词with 的复合结构（即介词with+宾语+宾语补足语）
with the boy leading the way / with the water covering the surface of the earth
with the surface covered with water / with his son disappointing
with everything he needed bought / with two exams to worry about
with many problems to settle / with time going by
with the production up by 10%
1. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___________(steal) and let her off.
A .to have stolen B .to be stealing C .to steal D .stealing
2. Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______ went wrong again.
A .it B .it repaired C .repaired D .to be repaired
3.The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A .that B .it C .this D .him
4.With more forests _____________, huge quantities of good soil are being washed away.
A .is being destroyed B .is destroying C .are being destroyed D .being destroyed
5.You should understand the traffic by now. I have had it _______________ often enough.
A .explaining B .to explain C .explain D .explained
6.The flu is believed__________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A .causing B .being caused C .to be caused D .be have caused
7.The students expected ______ to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A .there B .it C .that D .one
8. When he returned years later, he found his hometown _____________completely.
A .to change B .change C .changing D .change
9.Peter wanted his TV ____ , but his wife would rather have it ____________.
A .fixed, thrown B .to be fixed, be thrown C .fixed, throwing D .fixing, throwing
10.With ______leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A .falling, burying B .fallen, buried C .fallen, burying D falling, buried
责任编辑：李芳芳
【篇四】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
语法复习专题主谓一致
一、 考点聚焦
1、语法形式上的一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of students in our school_________1,700.
Mary and Kelly________ alike.
2、意义上一致
（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
The crowd ______ runing for their lives.
单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。
（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
The news is very exciting.
形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。
3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
Eg.Either you or I________ mad.
4、应注意的若干问题
（1）名词作主语。
①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family_________going out for a trip.
The whole family _________ watching TV.
这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。
Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。
②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
A sheep ________over there. Some sheep________over there.
④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncle’s________not for from here.
常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：
Richardson’s_________a lot of old goods to sell.
⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。
Thirty years ________ passed. Five minutes _______enough to finish the task.
⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl in my class ________a dictionary.
⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。 More than one student _____ seen the play.
Many a boy________ bought that kind of toy.
但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。
⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。
但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes ________ on the desk.
⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：
This kind of men _______dangerous. Men of theis kind/sort ________dangerous.
⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有 a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。
(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。
All of my students work hard. All of the oil _______gone.
(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：
Between the two windows __________an oil painting.(hang)
（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。
①用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
Truth and honesty ________the best policy.
To love and to be loved _______the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early _______a good habit.
A knife and fork_________ on the table.
②当主语后面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。
③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。
（3）代词作主语。
①名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) ________a great Party.
Your shoes ________ white, mine (= my shoes)_______ black.
②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。
Such ________our plan. Such _________ his last words.
③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
④疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives next door? It________Xiao Liu.
Who lives next door? It __________Wang and Li.
⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：
（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.
（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。
Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has(have) seen the film.
（4）分数、量词作主语。
①“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：
Lots of damage_________caused by flood.
A number of students ________ gone to the countryside.
A large quantity of people _________needed here.
Quantities of food (nuts) ________ still on the table.
②a great deal of、a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
③表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
One and a half apples________ left on the table.(be)
④half of、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
(5)名词化的形容词作主语。
如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。
（6）从句作主语。
①由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need _________more money.
What we need__________ more people/teachers.
②在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有the only则用单数形式。
This________one of the most interesting stories that ______been told by my father.
She_________the only one of the girls who_________late for class today.
（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。
There ______a book, two pens on the desk.
There ______two pens, a book on the desk.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.
-So do I .(上海 ) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped
解析：答案为B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义一致的原则采用单数形式，排除A。选项C是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。
2.The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET ）
A.were; was B.was; was C.was; were D.were; were
解析：答案为C。本题考查the number of和a number of 的区别。“the number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是number,“a number of + 复数名词/代词”结构中的中心词是of后的复数名词或代词，故谓语动词分别用单、复数。解题关键在于仔细区分哪个是真正的主语。
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【篇五】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
语法系列讲座25
What is gone is gone. 过去的事就过去了。
(2) 引导表语从句。如： That’s what I hope. 那就是我希望的。 I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be. 我想当老师，那是我想干的事。 Times are not what they used to be. 时代不同了。 He’s not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。 Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好。
(3) 引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。如： He could not express what he felt. 他不能表达他的感受。 Well, I’ll do what I can. 好吧，我尽力。 I can’t do what you’ve just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事。 And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away. 得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了。 As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的。
The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态） She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。 Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管闲事。 The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前不同了。 It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方。
The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态） She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。 Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管闲事。
The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前不同了。
It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方。 I don’t care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金钱或者别人所谓的地位。 Philip was depressed by what he had gone through. Philip经历过的事情使他很消沉。 They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state. 他们能挣来的东西，百分之五十交给了国家。
2．用作插入语，指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如： Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Mary’s niece. 后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary的侄女，这对我是个新闻。 He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river. 他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去。 He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他讲话生动有趣，更重要的是，他对课题了如指掌。
He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去参加了会议，而且更糟糕的是，他坚持要发言。 It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 这是本很有用的书，再说也不贵。 You’ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what’s more, you’ll get no sympathy from anybody. 你怪不着别人，只能怪你自己；还有，你得不到任何人的同情。 We invited a new speaker and, what’s more, he was happy to come. 我们请到了一位新的发言人，而且他很乐意来。
3．引导让步状语从句，等于“不管什么…”。注意状语从句的语序。如： Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她会做什么，她都编不出不去的理由。状语从句把实义动词放在句首，句子倒装。＝No matter what she would do, … Come what may, you’ll always keep it secret. 无论怎样，你都要保守秘密。＝No matter what may come, …. Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there. Jack已经拿定主意，无论如何他也要呆在那里。＝…no matter what might come, … Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. 不管他怎么说，内心里他知道自己错了。= No matter what he will say, …
练习
关于名词性从句我们就讲到这里。Now let’s do some exercises related to this part： 一、选择最佳答案填空 1．______ he always serves the people very well is known. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 2．______ you have done might do harm to other people. A. What B. That C. Whether D. Which
3．I don’t care ____ she has no money. I care____ she is honest or not. A. if…if B. whether…whether C. if…whether D. whether…if 4. They found at last ____ they had been looking for. A. that B. what C. where D. which
5. He will be here on time. But I’m not sure _____ he drives or takes the train. A. whether B. if C. when D. how 6. The reason why he was late is ___ he got up too late. A. that B. because C. as D. for
7. I want to know ____ the leather coat belongs to. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 8. Can you tell me ___ the hospital is? A. where B. who C. that D. whether
9. We all know ____ she will be our English teacher. A. which B. what C. that D. who 10. I wish _____ he would pass the examination. A. how B. whether C. when D. that
二、把两个单句合成主从复合句
model: Does he live there? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me whether (if) he lives there?
1. Can Mike write a little Chinese now? I want to know. →I want to know whether/if Mike can write a little Chinese now. 2. Did Jenny try to explain why she was late? Can you tell us? →Can you tell us if/whether Jenny tried to explain why she was late?
3. Did the monkey want to eat bananas? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether the monkey wanted to eat bananas? 4. Do you like sports? I ask you. →I ask you if/whether you like sports.
5. Does she play basketball? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether she plays basketball? 6. Has the whole street been cleaned? I don’t know. →I don’t know if/whether the whole street has been cleaned.
7. Were there a lot of people in the street? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me if/whether there were a lot of people in the street? 8. Are they preparing for the sports meet? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether they are preparing for the sports meet?
9. Had John told Mr. Smith about his past? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me if/whether John had told Mr. Smith about his past. 10. Has anybody ever been into some of the pyramids? Please tell me. →Please tell me if/whether anybody has ever been into some of the pyramids.
强调
Hello, everyone. 英语的强调主要有两种：一是强调非谓语（包括主语、宾语、状语等）；二是强调谓语动词。
一、强调非谓语
其基本句型是：“It + is/was + 被强调的成分 ＋ that/who + 其她成分”。It 没有实意，只起语法作用，引导被强调的部分。当被强调的是人时，可用who(m)/that, 其他情况用that。 例如： It was I who/that met Jack yesterday. 是我昨天碰到了Jack. （强调主语） It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday. 我昨天碰到的是Jack。 （强调宾语） It was yesterday that I met Jack. 是昨天我碰到了Jack. （强调时间状语） 这几句话复原为非强调句就是：I met Jack yesterday. It is people, not things, that are decisive. 决定的因素是人，不是物。 （强调主语） It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it. 是因为这本书对我目前的工作很有用，我才买了它。 （强调原因状语） It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him. 是在那家超市里我给了他那本书。（强调地点状语）
1．强调主语： It was John who broke the window. 是John打破了窗子。 原句：John broke the window. It is this overpass that will be pulled down. 将被拆掉的是这个天桥。 原句：This overpass will be pulled down. It is the people who/that are really powerful. 真正有力量的是人民。 原句：The people are really powerful.
2．强调状语：
（1）强调时间状语。 例如： It was at that moment that he changed his mind. 是在那一刻他改变了主意。 It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming. 史密斯教授是天天去游泳。 It was not until Saturday that he began to prepare for the examination. 他直到星期六才开始为考试作准备。 注意：这句话的原句是He did not begin to prepare for the examination until Saturday. 变成强调时间状语，注意 “not” 位置的变化。
（2）强调地点状语。 例如：
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【篇六】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
语法专项系列之一
冠词
1. 种类: 定冠词和不定冠词及零冠词.
2. 冠词与可数名词搭配表示类别
有三种: 不定冠词+名词(强调任何一个) , 定冠词+名词(强调整个类属), 名词的复数形式.
3. 在发明物前用the , by + 手段, 方式 不加art. 但用介词on/ over/ through 则加art.
如: on the radio, over a phone, through a newspaper
4. 特定词组中不用冠词
①. turn/ go 后作补语的名词
turn writer/ go socialist = become a writer/ socialist
②. 在 引起的让步状语从句倒装结构中
Child as he is, ----
Hero as he was, ----
③. 在某些独立结构中.
He entered the room, book in hand.
但加上with 后用限定词.
He entered the room, with a book in hand.
④. 序数词作副词,或作名词表 “名次”时
First read fast.
He came first in the game.
⑤. 形容词最高级作表语只用来同本身做比较时, 并无一定范围.
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
⑥. 表称呼或职位,军衔的名词做表语, 同位语和补语时,
Tom is monitor in our class.
We made Tom monitor in our class.
⑦. 常见词组:
at war/ peace/ table/ work/college/ sea
by force/ air/ sea/ train
in bed/ hospital/ peace/ ink/ public/ time of
take possession of
lose heart
5. 冠词词组
①. 位于such. What/ many/ half 后
Many a man is fit for the job.
②. as, so, to, how, however, enough,+ adj. + a/ an,
eg. as happy a day
③. quite / rather a day
但可以说: rather/quite a cold day
a rather/quite cold day
④. 在让步状语从句中, 有:
Brave a man though he is, he failed.
⑤. 倍数+ the + n.
twice the students
6. 有无冠词, 意义不同的词组:
in course of 正在进行中 in the course of 在---期间, 在过程中
out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能
in charge of 负责,掌管 in the charge of 在---的主管下
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被---拥有
at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌旁
in front of in the front of
by sea 坐船 by the sea 在海边
in case of 假使, 万一 in the case of 就---而言, 至于
by day 在白天 by the day 按日, 按天
on watch 值班,守望 on the watch 看守着, 提防着
to death 极度, 非常 to the death 致死, 到底
责任编辑：李芳芳
【篇七】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
高三语法复习：
状语从句
1.时间状语从句。
引导时间状语从句的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…等。
（1） When, while和 as
When既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用与主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词，强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重动作的持续性和对比性。如：While I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story．as用于引导“在某行为的继续中发生某事”的“继续之行为”，所以多与过去进行时连用。并常用来表示两种发展变化中的情况。
When they came home, I was cooking dinner.
She watched TV while (she was) eating.
As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for directions to the nearest station.
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
(2) 时间状语从句还有几个特殊的引导词。
如：every time, each time, next time, the day, the year, the minute, the moment 和副词immediately, directly, instantly等.
a.Every time I saw him, I would like to listen to his songs.
b.I came to the house the moment he was about to leave.
c.I recognized her the minute I saw her.
d. He left Europe the year World War II broke out.
e. My sister came directly(=as soon as) she got my message.
f. The machine will start instantly you press the button.
(3) since 和 before 的用法异同。
It is/ has been + some time+ since+ sb did sth.
It was / is / will be + some time+ before sb did/ do sth
It is just a week since we arrived here.
It’s a long time since I met you last.
How long is it since you were in Ningbo ?
It was years before I came back from abroad. It will be five years before we meet again.
It wasn’t long before he came back..
since 其后的动词不同,起算的时间也不同.
since + 瞬间动词过去式 (从该动作发生时算起)
since + 持续性动词的过去式 ( 从该动作结束时算起)
He worked very hard since he entered the factory.
We haven’t seen each other since I worked in the factory.
(从我不在厂工作以来……)
She has never been to visit me since I was ill. (病愈以来)
(4)till& until意义相同，多数情况下可换用，但用以强调，句首多用until；在强调结构或与not连用时多用until。例如：Nothing can be done till/ until the boss returns.
I waited for him until he came back.
He didn’t go to bed until he had finished the work.
Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.
(5) no sooner…than, hardly…when和scarcely… before相当于as soon as之意, 其引导的从句中谓语动词要用 had done。当 hardly, scarcely和 no sooner置于句首时,语气较强, 主句的谓语要部分倒装. 例如:
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.
No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.
2. 地点状语从句由where或 wherever引导，在主句前，后均可．
where 表特指，wherever表泛指
I found the books where I left them.
Make a mark where you have any questions.
Wherever he happens to be, John can make himself at home.
(1) 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。如：
Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
Wherever there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
(2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。Where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中 where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 如：
Go back where you came from
Go back to the village where you came from.
Bamboo grows best where it’s wet and rainy.
Bamboo grows best in places where it’s wet and rainy.
3. 原因状语从句because, since, as, for,
because表直接的原因,语气最强.
since “既然”:一般放在句首,表已知的原因,全句重在交代结果,语气比because弱.
as 放在句首或句末,说明因果关系,语气较弱,重点在主句,译作“由于”for表间接原因，用来补述内容．放在主句后.语气最弱.
Since (As) it was raining, you ‘d better take a taxi.
Because he is ill, he is absent today.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
As he is from the south, he is unaccustomed to the dry weather in Beijing.
在强调句型中,引导从句只能用because, 不能用 since或as.
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
4. 条件状语从句
引导词: if, unless, so/ as long as用一般现在时表示一般将来时
In case anything important happens, please call me up.
I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.
if only(要是…就好了; 但愿) 常表示愿望或一未实现的条件,尤用于感叹句.
If only he arrives in time!
If only I had met him earlier!
If only it would stop raining!
on condition(that)=provided (that) =providing (that) ( 假若; 倘使)
supposing (that) =if
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.
I’ll go providing my wages are paid.
Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
*在条件状语从句中,如果条件状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是无人称代词, 从句的谓语动词或助动词 be, 可将从句的主语和动词 be一起省略.
If (it is) necessary, I’ll go with him.
If (it is) important, I’ll write this article.
目的和结果状语从句
目的:so that… in order that… ( 情态动词)
结果: so that, so/ such… thatHe studied even harder so that he might catch up with the top students in a possible short period.
He studied even harder so that he caught up with the other students.
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.There are so many people in the room that we could’t get in.
方式状语从句
方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though 等引导。
注意:
1) as 表行为方式
2) as if 引导的从句表示与事实相反或不可能实现时,从句用虚拟语气。
比较状语从句
引导词: than, as… as,
the more… the more…He didn’t do as much as he had
promised.
Now we can produce much more
steel than Japan.
The higher you stand, The farther you will see.
注意被比较的内容应一致
The weather here is hotter than that( = the weather) in your hometown.The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.
责任编辑：李芳芳
【篇八】语法讲解教案宾语补足语人教版高三英语下册教学论文
语法复习：句子成分+常用句式
一、句子成分
句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
练习一
1、用符号划出下列短文各句中的句子成分：
I hope you are very well. I"m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I"m helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn"t often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
2、给下列文字加上标点符号。
During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring the crowd began to shout but the drunk didn"t realized the danger the bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap the bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk the crowd suddenly grew quiet the drunk however seemed quite sure of himself when the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass the crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed by this time however three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.
The answer: During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk didn"t realize the danger. The bull was busy with the matador (斗牛士) at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red cap. The bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk outside. even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically(同情地) until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.
二、常用句式
按句子的用途可分四种：
1） 陈述句（肯定、否定）
否定句型
一般否定句：（改为否定句）
He dares to tell the truth. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth.
He used to live in a quiet village. He used not to live in a quiet village.(He didn’t use to)
He has two brothers. He doesn’t have two brothers./He has not two brothers.
He has two pieces of bread for breakfast. He doesn’t have two pieces of bread for breakfast.
He has to copy other’s idea. He doesn’t have to copy others’ idea.
半否定句
We hardly/seldom/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little Spanish. I saw few people.
特指否定
I don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/imagine you are right.
部分否定
All the answers are not right
All is not gold that glitters
I don"t know all of them.
I can"t see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
2) 疑问句型
反意疑问句及回答
He is a teacher, isn"t he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t
It isn’t that cheap, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t
You must have told lies yesterday at the court, didn’t you?
否定疑问句及回答
Haven’t the police found the murderer? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t
3).祈使句：
祈使句的反意疑问句及回答Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class; You, clean the kitchen today. Will you?
4）感叹句：
The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）How brightly the moon is shining!
按句子的结构可分三种
（一） 简单句
I、 主语+谓语：
It is raining now.
We"ve worked for 5 hours.
The meeting lasted half an hour.
Time flies.
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect.
1. 让我们立即行动起来. (act)
Let’s act at once/ immediately
2. 乌云低沉沉的,天下着大雪.(hang,)
Dark clouds hung overhead, and a heavy snow fell/ it snows heavily.
3. 恰好他身边有钱. (happen)
He happened to have some money with him.
4. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容. (appear)
Gradually a smile appeared on her face.
5. 背起书包我急忙赶到学校. (hurry)
I hurried to the school with my schoolbag.
6. 他满面笑容. (smile)
He is smiling all over his face. OR: He wears a smile on his face.
7. 我英文学得不错. (do)
I did well in English.
II.主语+系动词+表语：
常见的系动词有： be, look, feel, prove, sound, taste, smell, seems, appear, stay, keep, go, come, get, turn, become, remain等。
1. 从自行车上掉下来, 他受了伤. (get)
He fell of his bike and got hurt.
2. 他提的意见证明是正确的. (prove)
His advice proved (to be) right.
3. 商店开到八点. (stay)
The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.
4. 机器出了毛病. (go)
The machine went wrong.
5. 这些努力似乎全都白费了. (seem)
All these efforts seem in vain
6. 这话听起来有道理. (sound)
These words sound reasonable.
7. 房里一会儿就挤满了人. (become)
The room soon became crowded.
III、主语+谓语+宾语： 可分为以下几种情况：
⑴ 主语+谓语+宾语
⑵ 主语+谓语+宾语(人+物)
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。
⑶ 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
1. 祝一路平安.
Wish you a pleasant journey.
2. 你让我等了三个钟头。
You keep me waiting for three hours.
3. 他捡起了香蕉皮扔到了垃圾箱里。
He picked up the banana peel and threw it in the dustbin.
4. 给我几分钟考虑一下。
Give me a few minutes to think.
5. 我去开门。
I’ll go and answer the door.
IV. “There be” 的句型（即 there be +主语+地点/时间状语），其中be 动词可以有各种时态变化，可替代的词有：used to be, seems to be, happen to be, live, stand, lie, sit, come, seem, exist.
There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There came a shout for “help”.
There must have been a village here.
1. 最近几年,这个村庄发生了巨大的变化. (be)
Recently there have been great changes in this village.
2. 恰好河上有座桥. (happen)
There happens to be a bridge over the river.
3. 过去这条河上有座桥. (used to)
There used to be a river over the river.
4. 他的回答应该没有什么可怀疑的。（should）
There should be nothing doubtful.
5．山顶上有一个塔. (stand)
There stands a tower on top of the hill.
6．十字路口处站着一个警察. (stand)
There stands a policeman at the crossing.
（二） 并列句
1、 表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。
2、 表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
3、 表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
4、 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
（三） 复合句
综合填空：
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
31. Excuse me for breaking in,_____ I have some good news for you.
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
32. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
33. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _______?
A. had you B. hadn"t you C. did you D. didn"t you
34. ______ some of this juice--perhaps you"ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
35. One more week, _________ we will accomplish the task.
A. or B. so that C. and D. if
36. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____?
A. didn"t they B. don"t they C. mustn"t they D. haven"t they
37. Be sure to write to us,______?
A. will you B. aren"t you C. can you D. mustn"t you
38. ______from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
39. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ________?
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you
40. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising TV is illegal, ______?
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
41. There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: ______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
42. ________ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.
A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going
1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
31-35 CBDBC 36-40 D ADBA 41-42DA
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